Opinion piece by Wynne Lee.
Ever since the question about the road right-of-way from the mainland to Lummi Island came up, I and many others have tried to get someone to explain what this involves. What I’ve heard so far is that:
- There was such a right of way, at least once, but not now.
- It’s complicated.
- It’s a ‘no-go’ for the tribe.
- Talking about a right-of-way is counterproductive to dock lease negotiations and maybe even disrespectful.
Such vagueness was bound to prod someone to action. Tip Johnson responded by doing some research, drafting a petition asking (re)approval for a complete road right-of-way to Lummi Island. He shared his draft with some islanders and asked for input. His draft “Petition for relief from tribute for passage to Lummi Island” has gotten extremely heated responses from various parties, although the source of the heat depends on which party is speaking – as usual.
I finally got tired of waiting for answers. So, I compiled the following list of what I think can reasonably be considered ‘facts’, that is, verifiable information about the right-of-way and ‘payment for passage’ issues.
14 facts re: right-of-way, ‘payment for passage’ and citizen petitions
1) The 1988 Lease Agreement, which ended February 14, 2010, indicated that the Lummi Nation owns the tidelands and other land upon which the Whatcom County Ferry dock, approach and related areas are located. The Lummi Nation also owns the Gooseberry Pt dock and related facilities, leasing it to Whatcom County for the past 25 years.
2) Per that lease agreement, the Lummi Nation was compensated for public use (lease) of those lands and facilities by the County and other funds, by all ferry users, and by the land exchange that the County and Lummi Nation agreed to in the 1988 lease. This includes costs incurred for maintaining and operating the leased dock facilities, as well as passage.
3) The County and ferry users currently pay a monthly fee to the Lummi Island for leasing the Gooseberry Pt dock facility and all tribal land associated with operating the system. The County and ferry system users also continue to pay maintenance and operations of the dock and related facilities, on a month-to-month basis under an interim lease agreement that was approved by the Whatcom County Council and described in the Bellingham Herald.
4) The right of tribal nations to be paid (directly or indirectly) for the public’s use of their lands and facilities, includes bridges and ferry systems. This right is well-established.
5) Federal laws and treaties require that tribal nations not block public access to roads, bridges, ferry systems etc when those roads are essential and necessary for public health, safety, economic function, etc. I think that the legal formality to ensure that public access is undisputed appears to be the Department of the Interior approving a request for a right-of-way for any given road, bridge or ferry system. Approval is not automatic but appears to be routine for essential and necessary roads, bridges and ferry systems.
6) For many years, there was a complete federally-approved road right-of-way through Lummi Nation tribal land to Lummi Island, including across the tidelands and the Gooseberry Point ‘bridge end’ (i.e., docking facility). That right-of-way now has a gap in it, the Gooseberry Point docking / bridge end facility and related access, due to the conditions of the 1988 lease agreement and other legal findings related to tribal tideland rights.
7) The gap in this right-of-way to Lummi Island could be mended (‘perfected’ but only if the US Congress votes to do so, or if the Executive (Department of the Interior, including its subdivision the Bureau of Indian Affairs) approves a formal request to do so. Neither Congress nor the Department of the Interior not intervened yet in County-Lummi Nation negotiations, but it’s not clear whether the County has made a formal request to complete the road right-of-way. My understanding is that citizens also could make such a request, via a petition.
8) The road / bridge / ferry system from Gooseberry has a long, well-established history of providing unrestrained public access that is both essential and necessary for the safety, health, economic etc well-being of the Lummi Island community. It’s also the only transportation link to and from the mainland, making it absolutely critical to maintain.
9) Eliminating or radically changing this transportation lifeline would seriously harm the health, safety, education, medical, public safety (including emergency care), economic and political activities, and property values of the community as a whole.
10) Radically raising costs of access to safe, reliable transportation to and from the mainland via Gooseberry Point (whether by extremely high costs paid to the Lummi Nation, or by shifting the mainland dock location elsewhere) would have a disproportionately adverse (and perhaps discriminatory) effect on Lummi Island community members of modest financial means.
11) Representatives of the Lummi Nation government have long said publicly (including in 2010) said that they’d prefer to eliminate public access to Lummi Island via the Gooseberry Point dock-ferry-bridge system. They also have said that they want to be ‘a good neighbor’ to the County and have compromised by coming to a ‘conceptual agreement‘ with the County to negotiate another 25 year lease, with an option for an additional 25 year lease.
12) It would be impractical and prohibitively expensive for the County or State government or private citizens to sue the Federal government (the ultimate ‘deciders’) on public road rights-of-way across tribal lands.
13) The 1st Amendment to the Constitution guarantees all American citizens the right to petition their government for redress of perceived wrongs or adverse conditions.
14) The so-called “relief from tribute” petition re: the road right-of was written by Tip Johnson. He has shown that draft to several islanders, including me, for comment and possible revision, rejection or support. Rumor has it that this draft has been ‘circulating around the island’, but I honestly don’t know what that means.
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Based on the above, I currently hold the following opinions. My opinions could change if other substantive information comes to light.
1) I do not and will not support any petition that asks Congress or the Executive branch (Department of the Interior), indirectly or indirectly, for relief from the responsibility to pay the Lummi Nation for use of their tribal property, i.e., tidelands, access roads and dock facilities at Gooseberry Point. The precedent of paying compensation in such cases, whether as lease fees or other negotiated arrangements, seems both robust and reasonable.
2) I would likely support a petition that requests only ‘perfection’ (completion) of the road right-of-way from the mainland all the way to Lummi Island, via Gooseberry Point. I think that approving this right-of-way would remove future (needless, in my view) uncertainties and contentiousness about this absolutely essential, necessary and only transportation link for Lummi Island citizens to the mainland.
Finally, I want to affirm my complete agreement with the basic right of all American citizens to petition the government for anything they seek redress, regardless of others’ opinions.
I also appreciate Tip Johnson’s drafting his petition. I don’t agree with everything in it by a long stretch, but he gave us something to think about, something to react to, something that prodded me to learn more about the issues involved — and he said up front it was just a draft that he was seeking input on and open to changing. Thanks, too, to the LICA and PLIC Boards whose recent joint statement against the draft petition provided me with another valuable jolt of motivation to learn more about these issues.